Care For Your Pets - Roundworms in Dogs

Do you have a family dog at home? If your answer is yes, this is a post you might be interested to know more about parasites that might live within your dogs.

Roundworm is the most common kind of infectious parasite in puppies and dogs; if not treated, roundworm infection in puppies can be fatal.

The Dog Roundworm, Toxocara canis, lives within puppies and dogs and the adult worm is ranging from 9 to18cm (about 3.5 to 7 inches) in length. A female can lay about 200,000 eggs of microscopic size daily. The eggs are protected by thick cell wall and can survive for months in the soil. These make roundworm infection highly transmittable among dogs.

There are several ways puppies and dogs can get roundworm infection. For puppies, prenatal infection is the most common type, whereby the roundworm larvae from the mother dogs migrate into the placenta and infect the developing puppies before birth. On the other hand, puppies can get infected through ingestion of mother’s milk that contains roundworm eggs. Puppies and dogs can also get infected by ingesting eggs in the soil, this is the most frequent route of infection in adult dogs.

Life cycle of roundworm in puppies (of age up to 3 months):

• Step 1: Roundworm eggs ingested by the puppies (through milk or from soil) enter the stomach and then hatch in the small intestines.    
• Step 2: The larvae travel through the bloodstream and enter the lungs and liver of the pup.
• Step 3: After residing in the lungs, the larvae move their way up the windpipes and are swallowed by puppies. 
• Step 4: The larvae develop into adult worms in the intestines, completing their life-cycle. The adult worms mate pass eggs into the faeces of puppies. (Fortunate to mention that the eggs in the faeces will only become infective after 3 to 4 weeks of incubation in the soil)     

Roundworms in stools
Picture source: click here

For older dogs, they have developed immunity against the roundworm, therefore very few larvae will be able to complete their life cycle within the dog. If any larvae completed the life cycle, the adult worms will reside in various body tissues in the dog, and develop a tough shell (encyst) that protects them against the host’s immune system. At this stage, even the de-wormer might not be able to kill the worms. However, during pregnancy, the encysted worms get activated again and migrate to the placenta to infect the next generation.

In adult dogs, roundworm infection can be no symptom at all; while in puppies some symptoms might be vomiting, diarrhea, dull-coat and bloated belly. Worms might appear in the vomit and the feces, which look like white threads or white spaghetti strands that wriggle.
In general, an infection of roundworm can be gotten rid of with the use of de-wormers prescribed by vet, and your doggy will be back to health in no time! HOWEVER, severe infection in young puppies can be fatal, and roundworm infection is not only contagious among dogs, there are risks whereby roundworm transmits from dogs to human. Be warned!

For more information on roundworms in Human, click here: Roundworm in Human

Gross Human Parasites I - The Guinea Worms

Guinea worm is the common name for Dracunculiasis, which thrives in some of the third world countries where clean water supply is not available.

If this worm is new to you, you may start to wonder what does the worm look like?

The answer is: Guinea worm looks exactly like a spaghetti noodle at mature stage (sorry to spaghetti lovers ) It can grow up to more than 90cm in length.

How do people get infected?

Well, at places where clean water is not accessible, people can get infected while drinking stagnant water that hosts tiny water flea that carry the larvae of Guinea worm. Once inside the stomach, the larvae take 1 year to mature and pierce through the walls of intestines to mate. The males will die after mating where the female worms burrow into the deeper connective tissues and attempt to leave the human host (usually through the lower limbs).

At this stage, as the Guinea worms try to burrow their ways out of the human hosts, painful blisters are formed on the human skin. The pain is excruciating with a burning sensation, human hosts often soak their limbs in cold water to ease the pain.

Once the blister or open-sore submerge into water, the female Guinea worms will take their chance and release thousands of larvae. The water flea will consume the larvae, and another cycle will begin.

Currently, there is no cure for Guinea worm disease. To remove the Guinea worm from a human host, one must wrap the worm in a stick once the worm emerges from the skin. Then, slowly, bits by bits, wound the worm around the stick by pulling the worm out of the skin. The whole process is long and painful, sometimes it might take more than 1 month just to extract the worm out of the body. (the worm is very long and is buried deep in the connective tissue)

I dare you to read this post while eating spaghetti. *EviL grin*